Which is an example of secondary prevention?

• A. Immunization
• B. Chronic disease management
• C. Health education for risk reduction
• D. Screening tests to detect disease early

Answer: (D)

Secondary prevention focuses on finding disease early, often before symptoms appear, so timely treatment can prevent progression and reduce complications. Screening tests to detect disease early are a classic example because they aim to identify conditions in their preclinical or early stages, allowing earlier intervention that can change the outcome.

Immunization prevents disease from occurring in the first place, so it’s primary prevention. Health education for risk reduction also targets preventing disease before it starts, another example of primary prevention. Chronic disease management deals with people who already have a health condition, focusing on controlling it and preventing complications, which aligns more with managing established disease (often considered tertiary prevention).